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In recent years, the prevalence of allergic rhinitis in children had increased significantly.After a period of time, some children developed into bronchial asthma on the basis of allergic rhinitis, while others did not.To clarify the risk factors of bronchial asthma in children with allergic rhinitis and take early intervention measures are of great significance to the prevention and treatment of bronchial asthma.This article reviews the roles on asthma development of genetics, allergen exposure, types of rhinitis, passive smoking, respiratory infections, early use of antibiotics, and intervention treatment.
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The German ( Kooperation für Transoarenz und Qualit?t im Gesundheitswesen, KTQ) certification system was officially launched in Germany in December 2001. Over ten years′ development proves that the KTQ certification system as a high standard medical management system. The authors introduced its background, the update of certification content and procedures, and explained its characteristics and advantages.These insights provide valuable references for establishing a professional and efficient quality certification system, suitable for China′s social and economic development level.
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Objective@#To explore the characteristics of acute otitis media(AOM) in children in Beijing and its correlation with meteorological factors.@*Methods@#Data were collected in 2011-2013 in the Otolaryngology Department of Capital Institute of Pediatrics. AOM in children with relevant information, such as age, sex and season, with the same period of the Beijing municipal meteorological data (the average temperature, average pressure, average wind speed, humidity and PM2.5) were compared to analysis the relationship of meteorological environmental parameters and the onset of AOM in children.@*Results@#Annual morbidity of AOM was 7 589, 8 245, 7 242 respectively, no obvious difference(P=0.761). It was noted that one peak could be seen in December, and a valley in February, followed by August. Summer was less than the other three seasons (P<0.05). The morbidity of AOM had a small peak within one year after birth, then reached peak at the age of about 4, and then reduced gradually. In different age groups, male patients were higher than those of female. The incidence of AOM was positively correlation tendency with air pressure and PM2.5 (r=0.333, 0.093, P=0.000, 0.002), which was negatively correlation tendency with daily temperature or humidity (r=-0.327, -0.195, P=0.000, 0.000).@*Conclusions@#The incidence of AOM of children in Beijing changes with age, and has obvious seasonal variation. There may be some correlation between the meteorological factors and the incidence of AOM in children.
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Objective@#To understand the effect of treating obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) on chronic cough in children.@*Methods@#A total of 100 consecutive children with OSAHS diagnosed by polysomnography(PSG) and chronic cough were included in this study. All children underwent cough condition assessment, OSA-18 scales and MS-IOS before and after surgery, and all children were followed-up for 3 months. Children were separated into three groups according to the severity of OSAHS. Related parameters like Zr, Rf, R5, R20, X5, X35, Rc, Rp obtained from MS-IOS, OSA-18 scores and cough scores were compared between different groups using paired t-test or Wilcoxon sum test.@*Results@#There existed significantly positive correlations between AHI and scores of OSA-18(r=0.653, P<0.01). AHI positively related to cough scores including diurnal(r=0.470, P<0.01)and nocturnal cough scores(r=0.459, P<0.01). Scores of OSA-18 had similarity in correlations with diurnal(r=0.527, P<0.01)and nocturnal cough scores(r=0.532, P<0.01). All children got improved in OSA-18 scales and cough scores after treatment. In details, the three groups were mild group(n=34), moderate group(n=37), severe group(n=29). OSA-18 scales decreased dramatically in each group after surgery, Z values were -5.014, -5.035, -4.624 respectively(P=0.000). Cough scores in day and night got reduced after treatment, Z values were -5.112, -5.102, -5.394, -5.374, -4.777, -4.770 in three groups. Rp in all children got alleviated after surgical management, Z were -3.150, -5.035, -5.374(P=0.000). Other parameters were analyzed using paired t test. Z5, R5, R20, R35 got reduced in all three groups.X5 got reduced in mild and moderate groups. Rc reduced only in the moderate group.@*Conclusions@#OSAHS may be a trigger or inducer of chronic cough. Active treatment of OSAHS via surgery can improve the quality of children′s life and alleviate the symptoms of cough in day and night.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The aim of this study was to understand the effect of different treatment of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) for refractory asthma in children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty two children (32 in surgical group, 20 in conservative group) with refractory asthma and OSAHS were included in the study. All children received asthma condition assessment and polysomnography (PSG) examination before and after treatment, and were followed up for 6 months.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All children got improved in PSG values 3 months after treatment, more significant improvement was achieved in surgical group than in conservative group (P < 0.05). While compared of OSAHS treatment, there were 2 cure, 6 notable effective, 9 effective, 3 in vain cases in conservative group, 8 cure, 16 notable effective, 8 effective, 0 in vain cases in surgery group. There was significant difference between the two groups (χ² = 8.91, P = 0.031). All children got improved in asthma condition evaluation parameters and decreased the use number of short acting β2 agonists after 6 months treatment. More significant improvement was achieved in surgical group than in conservative group. The differences of all the items had statistical significance (P < 0.05). There was statistical correlation between days mutation rate of peak expiratory flow (PEF) and apnea hypopnea index (r = 0.712, P < 0.01), and between days mutation rate of PEF and lowest oxygen saturation (r = 0.726, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Active treatment of OSAHS can improve asthma symptoms and reduce asthma medication effectively. The curative effect of surgical treatment is superior to conservative treatment.</p>
Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Adenoidectomy , Asthma , Drug Therapy , General Surgery , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive , Drug Therapy , General Surgery , TonsillectomyABSTRACT
Objective To compare the efficacy of chronic hypertrophic rhinitis by partial inferior turbinectomy and using semiconductor laser surgery .Methods The efficacy of 53 chronic hypertrophic rhinitis patients with partial inferior turbinectomy(groupⅠ) and 62 patients treated with semiconductor laser surgery(groupⅡ) were analyzed retrospectively.Results the total effective rate of the groupⅠ treated by semiconductor laser surgury was 87 1% and groupⅡ treated by partial inferior turbinectomy was 90 4%. There was no significant difference (P